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BACKGROUND:At present, spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury is considered as the main reason for secondary paralysis after spinal decompression, and to control the levels of stress-related proteins and excitatory amino acids plays an important role in the treatment of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression level of protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits. METHODS:Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled, the models of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury were established using Zivin's method, and were then randomized into six groups (n=6 per group). The rabbit abdominal aorta in control group was exposed without vascular occlusion and then the abdominal cavity was closed 30 minutes later. In experimental groups, the abdominal aorta was blocked for 30 minutes, followed by 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of reperfusion, and then the abdominal cavity was closed. The neurological function was evaluated with a modified Tarlov score. The L3-5lumbar vertebrae were removed, and PDIA3 was screened by two-dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry, and then its temporal and spatial changes in the spinal cord were detected by western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The function of hind limbs was improved in all the experimental groups after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the modified Tarlov scores reached the peak at 24 hours after schemia/reperfusion injury, and decreased slightly at 48 hours. The expression of PDIA3 in the control group showed clear imprinting, which was slightly strengthened at 0 hour, became more strengthened at 6-12 hours, significantly reduced to the minimum level at 24 hours, and returned to the level of 6-12 hours at 48 hours after ischemia/reperfusion. Immunohistochemical results showed that there was visible PDIA3 in the cytoplasm of neurons, and the expression level in the interneurons was significantly higher than that in the motor neurons. These results suggest that upregulated PDIA3 appears in the development and progression of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, indicating that PDIA3 is closely related to spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, which can be used as a new diagnosis and treatment target.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of radiographic methods commonly used for diagnostic of condylar fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jan 2002 to Nov 2013, 290 patients (405 condylars) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) division of Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were diagnosed as condylar fractures. Panoramic films and CT were taken in all patients to check and count the amount of condylar fractures, including intracapsular condyle fracture (type A, B, C and M), condylar neck fracture and subcondylar fracture. MRI was also taken in 119 patients with 174 condylar fractures to check the position of TMJ disc. The data were analyzed and compared among the three examinations in the diagnosis of the condylar fractures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Panoramic films showed 79.8% (323/405) condylar fractures. Among condylar fractures, intracapsular condylar fractures, condylar neck fractures and subcondylar fractures accounted for 48.9% (198/405), 20.3% (82/405) and 10.6% (43/405) respectively. CT showed 64.0% (259/405) intracapsular condylar fractures, 24.0% (97/405) condylar neck fractures and 12.1% (49/405) subcondylar fractures. Among intracapsular condylar fractures, Type A fracture was the most common type of ICF, which accounted for 48.7% (126/259), followed by Type B fracture, which accounted for 30.9% (80/259) and Type M fracture, 12.4% (32/259). Type C fracture was the least type which accounted for 8.1% (21/259). According to the diagnostic criteria of CT, there were 10 condylar neck fractures misdiagnosed with intracapsular condylar fractures. MRI showed 94.9% (129/136) TMJ disc displacement in intracapsular condylar fractures, 53.6% (15/28) in condylar neck fractures and 60.0% (6/10) in subcondylar fractures. Among intracapsular condylar fractures, there were 95.3% (61/64) TMJ disc displacement in type A, 95.2% (40/42) in type B, 89.0% (8/9) in type C, and 95.2% (20/21) in type M. There was significant difference of TMJ disc displacement between intracapsular condylar fractures and condylar neck fractures or subcondylar fractures (P < 0.05), and no significant difference between condylar neck fractures and subcondylar fractures (P < 0.05). There was also no significant difference among various type of intracapsular condylar fractures.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Panoramic films can initially diagnose condylar fractures but with the high misdiagnosis rate for intracapsular fractures, minor fractures and fractures without fragment displacement. CT, especially coronal CT, should be considered for positioning fracture lines and confirming the displacement angle of fragment. MRI should also be used to determine the position of TMJ disc in intracapsular condylar fractures.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Joint Capsule , Joint Dislocations , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mandibular Condyle , Mandibular Fractures , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiography, Panoramic , Retrospective Studies , Temporomandibular Joint , Temporomandibular Joint Disc , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Analysis on currently used stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China was performed and comparison in stomatology text or reference books between china and American was made.It was found that the types and numbers of stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China were very limited compared with those in American.Many textbooks needed for dental education were insufficient.Great efforts should be made to select relevant topics or titles and to prepare text or reference books accordingly in an aim to meet the needs of today's high quality dental education.
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Objective To establish analysis methods of two-dimensional(2-DE)gel electrophoresis for human osteosarcoma.Methods A series of methods,including Immobilized pH gradient were used as ID.Some applications,such as sample preparation used as choice of IPG gel,were improved.Coomassie brilliant blue staining,ImageMaster 2D Elite 3.01 analysis software,MALDI-TOF/ TOF MS and SWISS-PROT database serching were used to separate and indentify the proteins of human osteosarcoma.Results The good use pattern including repetitive experiments showed that in three experiments,the amount of protein spots of the same team sample deviates from the relative standard as following,the average of variation coefficient(%) : 23.00?10.11 and 20.33?9.90;and the range of variation coefficient(%) were:3.80-6.89 and 2.706.89 from osteosarcoma and normal group respectively.The isoelectric point and molecular weigh of the same protein spots in three experiments deviated from relative standard as following:(8.93%?1.17)%,(10.16?2.02)%,(10.87?3.86)%,respectively.Therefore,better resolution and repetitive 2-DE atlas were obtained.The proteins from 11 pairs of sample were analysed by mass spectrometry,9 identified proteins(transthyretin precursor, Triosephosphate isomerase,slow skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle Troponin T,Cofilin-1,Myosin light chain 1,Calgranulin B,Heat-shock protein,Annexin A5, Fanconi anemia group D2 proteins) were more abundant in osteosarcoma tisstues and 2 proteins manganese SOD and carbonic dehydratase appeared down-regulation in osteosarcoma tisstues.Conclusion This optimized 2-DE map is an important tool for further study on osteosarcoma,and these identified proteins were related-proteins with osteosarcoma.It is suggested that the changes of the proteome are involved in the pathology processe of osteosarcoma.